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Storm surge is a raised dome of water whipped up by cyclonic winds about 60 - 80 km across and typically about two to five metres higher than the normal tide level. If the surge occurs at the same time as a high tide then large scale flooding can occur particularly along low lying coastlines.
The peak storm surge level does not necessarily occur as the cyclone crosses land but could happen hours before. A cyclone does not need to cross land for a storm surge to affect low lying areas on the coast. Breaking waves on top of the surge act like a giant bulldozer, sweeping everything in its path.
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